Dreaming of living in the EU? Here’s how Polish citizenship, residency permits, and key documents can turn that dream into reality.

Have you ever thought about living in the European Union? Wondering if it’s possible and what steps you need to take to make it happen? You’re not alone. Many people who dream of moving to Europe have similar doubts. The truth is, there are several important steps and legal requirements involved in making that dream a reality.

One of the most powerful paths is obtaining dual citizenship. Do you know if you might be eligible for Polish citizenship by descent? And if so, do you know how to apply? The process involves several documents and legal steps, so it’s essential to understand each part carefully.

Even if you’re not eligible for citizenship, there are still ways to live legally in the EU, although they tend to be time-limited. Below you’ll find everything you need to know — from citizenship and permanent residency to the documents required to move to Poland or another EU country.

Polish Citizenship: The Key to Living Freely in the EU

For long-term stays and full rights, you generally need citizenship rather than just a visa. In Poland, citizenship follows jus sanguinis — the right of blood. If you have Polish ancestors (especially 19th– or 20th-century emigrants), you may be entitled to dual citizenship.

Many people in countries with large Polish diasporas qualify for citizenship by descent. Start with an eligibility check to confirm whether you’re one of them.

How to Apply for Polish Citizenship by Descent

Once eligibility is confirmed, gather official documents proving your ancestry. Typical records include:

  • Polish passport
  • National ID card
  • Military booklet
  • Residency records
  • Voter registration or other civil documents

If you lack these, you can hire a professional researcher in Poland to search archives. You’ll also need a legal representative in Poland to submit your case. If approved, you’ll receive a certificate of Polish citizenship — the final step before applying for your EU passport.

How to Legally Stay in the European Union

Whether you pursue citizenship or a temporary stay, these are the main residency permits in Poland (similar across the EU):

1. Temporary Residence Permit

Valid 1–3 years; renew before expiry. A common route to live legally in the EU when you’re not yet a citizen.

2. EU Blue Card

For highly skilled professionals (residence up to 2 years):

  • Employment contract ≥ 1 year
  • Monthly salary > 6 407.27 PLN (~US$1 890 / €1 530)

3. Permanent Residence Permit

Apply after:

  • 3+ years on a marriage-based temporary permit, or
  • 5+ years of continuous legal residence without family ties

For marriage-based applications you need:

  • 4 passport photos (45 × 35 mm, white background)
  • 2 copies of your passport (all pages)
  • 2 completed application forms (in Polish)
  • Polish marriage certificate (≤ 3 months)
  • ID of your Polish spouse

Present originals with copies for verification.

Documents You’ll Need to Live in Poland Legally

1. Driver’s License

Use an International Driving Permit for up to 6 months, then exchange it for a Polish license (Prawo Jazdy).

2. Work Permit

Required unless you have citizenship or permanent residency. Employers usually file on your behalf.

3. PESEL Number

The 11-digit national ID used for banking, property, healthcare, contracts, and more — similar to a Social Security Number.

Take the First Step: Check Your Eligibility for Polish Citizenship

Temporary visas let you live in Europe for a while, but citizenship offers lifelong freedom. Start by confirming your ancestry.

✅ Take our free eligibility test now to see if you qualify for Polish dual citizenship — the most important step toward your future in Europe.